More and more ordinary people tell me about the loss of a sense of time. I'm not talking about those who are in the subject.
I myself have long recognized the timeless Presence. This was not difficult for me for several reasons - the lack of attachment to the matrix, and the presence of the gene memory of the natural state in the Now.
What happened to linear time? Or not with him? but with linear thinking? After all, it is it that keeps us within the framework of the current parameter. Or does the parameter keep the human mind limited by linear time? After all, Consciousness does not have time. When you reach the level of at least planetary consciousness, time automatically ceases to exist for you ...
Hathors: Changing Linear Time Programming
Your consciousness, your conscious soul is the energy of change!
Any change occurs through consciousness and feelings, and not through denial, rejection or rejection.
So far, linear thinking has served you to search for yourself, orientation and self-determination. Many identify with who they were, what they did or experienced, and their history.
In this linear thinking, you created your own Self, which with your faith and energy feels very real. You equate it often with your soul. And we see a unique, perfect being that is still dozing in you and waiting to be recognized by you, alive and striving for expression.
This creature is in timelessness and has nothing to do with the “You” created by you and attached to the time. The fear of decay, destruction and annihilation is directly connected with this created “I” - like everything created seeks to save life.
This fear needs to be transformed in order to move you from time to timelessness. Such a transformation is possible only through the knowledge of your true, eternal soul. From our point of view: linear thinking was created — not time — to attach you to the factor of time and space.
We also want to remind you that the imprint of linearity at the cellular level has been transmitted for millennia from generation to generation. We inform you of this in order to tune your consciousness to the depth of these cellular fingerprints and programs, awakening a sense of penetration in yourself in order to change and erase these fingerprints.
Formulate a clear intention.
We give an example of a text that you can change in your own way, keeping to the meaning.
“I ask for the complete removal of all linear fingerprints of time and programs in all my cells, including my cellular consciousness.
I want to remember my real, time-independent, eternal nature of my soul.
I want to remember this in all my cells and beyond.
I thank you for this and accept with love and gratitude what I want to open up. ”
Watch what happens.
Perhaps you will feel a noticeable increase in energies, which will significantly “expand” you, or you will hear a sound, a specific frequency, which helps activate your cellular memory of its true nature.
Some of you may experience this in a very mild way. Light and lighting effects may be perceived. You are unique and your experiences are unique.
After all these sensations, gently and gradually return to yourself and your life. Feel how these sensations slowly decrease and gradually disappear, without losing, however, their action at the deepest cellular level.
Center again in your here and now, do not hold tight, welcome a new sense of expansion, ease and independence, and live freely!
You can do this exercise regularly. It will help you to free yourself from attachment to space and time, helping more and more to feel your true, eternal, timeless nature and take advantage of such a being.
THEMATIC SECTIONS:
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Throughout a person’s life, the highest rate of the body’s work is observed in newborns. They all processes are fast. They grow quickly, quickly gain weight, quickly learn skills, thanks to a person who is able to see, breathe, walk, then talk. And the surrounding life, respectively, seems to them very slow. If a child is only two days old, then for him one day is already half a life! And with age, the growth rate of tissues decreases many times. This also affects our perception of time - the lower the intensity of the processes, the faster the time flies. When the body begins to age, weeks begin to flicker like frames of a movie.
So we traditionally explain the effect of accelerating the passage of time, linking this with age-related changes in our carcass and in the functioning of a decaying brain, which no one can clearly explain. Five years ago, I heard the conversation of my children, they were then 12 and 13 years old, and deeply thoughtful. They discussed that time flies incredibly fast, that school “quarters” flutter like one day, and summer vacations are 10 times faster than when they were in first and second grade! I listened and was amazed, is that really possible? For me, the first 17 years of my life dragged on as if time had frozen! Then, suddenly, acceleration began, and now I have what I have. But how can they complain at such a tender age about the acceleration of the passage of time !? A few months later, they recalled their conversation, and came to the conclusion that something is likely to actually happen over time, and this is not just our subjective perception.
It is clear that for a flying bee we are just frozen idols. For the same reason, we put in a lot of effort to slam the fly sitting on the glass. She giggles when she sees how a funny little man, with a downcast face twisted from tension and hunting excitement, creeps up on the chicks so as not to frighten the game. For her, a fly swatter sinking on her back moves slowly, like in a nightmare.
But for the turtle, the hunter creeping towards her seems like something like an approaching locomotive. A running person for her is not visible to us like a flying bullet for a person. Obviously, time for each of us has its own individual dimension. Hence the difference in the perception of the speed of the passage of time between an adult, someone who is still growing. And it would seem, what reason to doubt that it is only a matter of perception? The feelings of my daughter and son were remembered to me now when I read the evidence, which at first glance seemed to be unrelated to the topic voiced. So:
1. One priest, known for his special gift of seeing the invisible, told impressive information; time began to shrink! Compared to what happened a hundred or more years ago, the current day has become shorter. According to the real, not the calendar duration, if we take the old time that has not changed for centuries, the modern day lasts only 18 hours against the previous 24. It turns out that every day we get less than 6 hours, and that’s why we always do not have enough time, days fly in accelerated mode. The reduction of the day was especially noticeable at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries.
2. On holy Athos, monks even spend nights in prayer. Moreover, the Athos elders have long developed a special prayer rule: in a certain period of time, they should read so many prayers, and so every day, strictly by the hour. Before the monks had time to complete this "program" overnight, and before the early morning service they even had little time to rest. And now, with the same number of prayers, the elders no longer have the night to finish them. Or did the elders become so weak?
3. N for several years, the lamps at the tomb of the Lord burn longer than before. Before, oil was added to large lamps at the same time, on the eve of Easter. For a year, it completely burned out. But now, for the umpteenth time, before the main Christian holiday there is still a lot of oil. It turns out that time is even ahead of the physical laws of combustion. Unless it's the oil itself. Can genetically modified oil burn longer?
4. One grandfather recalls that in the 30s his father, returning from exile to his family, managed with a minimum of assistants to build a new good hut in just a week. And in Boris Shiryaev’s memoirs about the Solovetsky camp there is an episode of 50 prisoners, of whom almost half were “goners,” built and commissioned a hefty bathhouse in just 22 hours! The builders were armed with only hand saws and axes. But now, even with modern electric tools, with all our desire, we will not be able to keep up with the hard workers of the past! And not only because they became lazier and weaker, but also because there is not enough time.
Yes, all of us who managed to start working even before computers, faxes, printers, and other nasty things became common, remembered many times that earlier we managed to do twice as much in a working day! How is this possible, if each piece of paper was written by hand, copies were made using carbon paper, the telephone was only with the chief and the accountant, and the fax was generally conscious along with the annihilator and the blaster!
And here is the thought. If an organism that is aging begins to slow down its perception of the passage of time more and more strongly, can the whole planet, aging, also begin to slow down in everything, including in time? At first glance stupid.
And if not?
25.10.2011 12:58
Modern philosophical science defines space and time as universal forms of existence, coordination of objects. Space has three dimensions: length, width and height, and time is only one thing - the direction from the past through the present to the future. Space and time exist objectively, outside and independently of consciousness.
By this definition, time is another form of existence of objects. The second form.
But can there be a second form of existence? Can there be a piece of wood in the shape of a chair and at the same time in the shape of a table?
The wording does not clarify the issue: time has only one dimension - this is the direction from the past through the present to the future.
What is the future? The future is surreal, it does not exist in reality, it is an image.
The present is also arbitrary, and may be somewhere at the junction between the future and the past, with zero coordinates.
The past is that which is no longer there, it is rather a symbol, the same image. All these concepts have no physical meaning, which casts doubt on the very concept of time as a form of existence of matter.
In science, the main argument is experience. Who and when set up experiments proving the existence of time in nature?
Nobody seemed to do this, fearing to be in the role of a man looking for a black cat in a dark room, where it might not be. With some examples, we will try to clarify this problem.
Earth's movement in time
In nature, everything moves and is constantly changing. Planet Earth, having passed a segment of the path in its orbit, not only changes its coordinates in space, but also changes itself. She's getting different.
Having mentally fixed the Earth at any point, we will not get it the same at any other point. Therefore, is it possible to say that the Earth has passed such a segment of the path for such and such a time when the "that" Earth is already gone?
We cannot return to the "yesterday" of the Earth, not because time has one direction, but because the "yesterday" Earth is gone. She, like everything in nature, is constantly changing.
Day and night. Seasons.
An observer located in the middle latitudes on Earth sees the day and knows that a few hours ago it was night. From his experience, he makes the logical conclusion that after a few hours the night will fall again.
From here he concludes that the occurrence of events is periodic and that they exist in time. Also for him periodically exist in time summer and spring, winter and autumn.
But if this observer is placed in a spaceship flying in an orbit around the Sun, then he will not observe the change of day or night. He will always have day on the side of the ship facing the Sun, and night on the opposite side. The frequency in this case disappears.
Being at the equator of the Earth, the observer will not be able to determine the changing seasons. At the equator they are not.
It follows that the periodicity of the change of day and night, as well as the seasons, cannot serve as confirmation of the objectively existing time.
Sound
A very convincing confirmation of the existence of absolute time is sound. It exists for a long time, from occurrence to extinction. From which it is concluded that sound exists in time.
Sound appears during vibration of a substance (string, etc.) and propagates in the wave vibrations of air.
Sound exists in a gaseous medium, water and solids in the form of weak mechanical disturbances. Subjectively assessing the duration of the sounding process, we identify it with time.
There is no air on the nearest neighbor of the Earth, the Moon, there is no sound there. There is no sound anywhere in the universe. Therefore, hearing a sound, while in the air while on Earth, conclude that sound exists in time logically, but subjectively.
Nature
It is well known that all life on Earth lives and develops in time. Everything has its beginning and end. A grain planted in the ground sprouts and develops. Over what period of time has the sprout reached its maturity?
Nature does not pose this question. All living things grow and develop, in accordance with the laws of wildlife. You can not tear off the period from the moment of planting the grain until it ripens from the general process of life and assume that this period is time.
Nature does not know the concept of "time" (photo from epiphyte.ca).
This period is part of the general process of the Earth’s development, maturing of the soil, planting of grain, its maturation. The grain will then fall to the ground and give a new life, and so without end.
And here the concept of time looks subjective. The misconception is that the development process is secured and identified with time.
Clock
Richard Feynman (1918-1988), an American theoretical physicist, one of the founders of quantum electrodynamics, adhered to the definition: time is just a clock.
“Moscow time is 12 hours,” we hear on the radio, “16 hours in Novosibirsk, 19 in Vladivostok.” The Japanese in Tokyo have only five hours of difference with Moscow. It’s more convenient for them.
What is this absolute concept of time, which can be so freely treated? Let's look for the answer to this question. To do this, we will carry out an experiment. Mentally.
Imagine that we are in the stadium and see how an athlete ran a hundred-meter race in 11 seconds. In the second race, he improved his result to 10.5 seconds. What happened?
Here's what happened: the second time the athlete ran faster, and his running time was reduced. Time is a secondary value, time depends on how fast the athlete ran and distance.
Let us leave the concept of absolute time alone, and return to a convenient time for understanding everyday life. Its appearance in the mind of man goes back centuries, it is convenient with him, and humanity has always tried to keep it under control.
All kinds of devices were invented and built: a solar, water and hourglass, a pendulum clock with a weight. They invented a spring watch, a chronometer, a stopwatch and, finally, an electronic and atomic clock. And they all replace us with what is not in nature.
In Russia there was no concept of time. They said this: we will meet on two bast shoes. This is when your shadow is equal to the length of your two bast shoes. Moreover, people of different height and length of the bast shoes are different, but proportional to its growth. It turned out pretty accurately, but only in sunny weather.
From past to future
Speaking of time, it’s good to recall the words from the song: “... There is only a moment, between the past and the future ...” - a moment is nothing. Strictly speaking, there is no real, it does not exist. The future is constantly flowing into the past. In the present, in this moment, in this nothing is time, or rather the illusion of the existence of time.
If you define time as a concept that encompasses the past and the future, then it consists of the past, which is no longer and the future, which is not yet. In this case, time consists of two quantities that are not. Therefore, there is no whole.
Is the time near?
Time exists always and everywhere. The time created by the human mind surrounds us from all sides: in everyday life, in science, art, philosophy.
In philosophical understanding of the existence of matter, we agree that one of the smallest particles of matter - an atom, moves slowly in space and that motion and space, speed and distance determine time.
But then a counterargument arises from the subconscious: everything exists in time! Time always exists! And unconsciously, time becomes some kind of superspace formation, time becomes a kind of all-consuming monster, and only because the subconscious is full of time.
It is also impossible to assume that time exists in parallel with space because space is infinite. Nothing, including time, can exist “next to” space.
Aircraft
A plane flew in the sky with a roar. An observer on earth believes that while the plane flew from one point in the sky to another, time passed. This is the normal everyday assessment of an event.
The root cause of this event was Reason, which created the aircraft, airfields and ground services. The plane was created for transportation. While he is standing on earth, there is no time for him.
When the plane picks up speed and takes off, the so-called flight time will depend on the speed and the path made by the plane. Time is a derivative. At first there was speed, speed.
Big explosion
If we consider the hypothesis of the Big Bang, as a result of which the Universe appeared, the question arises: when did the time appear? Before the explosion, at the time of the explosion, or when Homo sapiens appeared, a person thinking? The creators of the hypothesis do not give an answer.
The thinking person asks the question: if Time once appeared, then in the form of what? And with what properties?
They can answer us that Time is the gap between two events. But this gap appears only as a result of human comprehension. If we do not fix them in our consciousness, then the events are objectively separated in space with the irreversible movement of matter.
Time arises in our minds. And our consciousness replaces the irreversibility of the motion of matter with the passage of time, believing that this is a property of Time.
No less interesting is the theory of the anisotropic Universe, according to which matter is compressed and expanded in different parts of the Universe.
Confirmation of contracting matter can serve as black holes in which space and time are compressed. As a result, the thesis appears that the direction of time changes: in a black hole it becomes the opposite.
In time with a changed direction, the subsequent event should occur earlier than the previous one. Figuratively speaking, under the influence of time in a black hole you can see how a dead person comes to life, how he becomes younger and returns to where he was born.
Thus, one can call into question the whole coherent theory of the anisotropic Universe, if we do not take into account the illusory nature of the existence of time.
Foucault Pendulum
The pendulum, making oscillatory movements, very clearly illustrates the presence of objectively existing time. Being at the extreme point, it seems to freeze, and then moves to its other extreme point.
It moves in space and time. It takes time for a pendulum to travel from one extreme point to another.
Moreover, if you look at the Foucault pendulum, we will see a graphic image of time in the form of strips left in the sand by a metal rod mounted on a ball of the pendulum.
Each subsequent strip is slightly rotated in relation to the previous strip. The ends of these strips are located at some distance from each other. This is clearly visible to any observer.
If you place the pendulum on any cosmic body, the effect will be the same: the pendulum will stop, not only because there is air resistance on Earth, but also because there is friction, gravity and there cannot be a perpetual motion machine.
At the household level
A man sat on the sofa, watched TV and got up from the sofa. Between the "sat" and "got up" time passed, the man believes. He went outside and crossed to the other side. As he crossed the street, time passed, the man reasoned.
A person unknowingly splits the continuous process of life into separate events and perceives the gap between them as time.
All processes, from the smallest occurring in a person’s life, to global ones, such as flashes on the Sun, exist irrespective of time. Having discovered two flashes on the Sun, we perceive the gap between them as time.
Unconsciously separating the gap between flares from the entire process of the sun’s existence, we fall into the illusion of the existence of time.
From part to whole
Our thought processes involuntarily set milestones, landmarks. A person cannot cover everything at once. We see a large building, and our eyes begin to glide over its details. Based on these details, we judge the building as a whole. And here lies the possibility of error.
Upon closer inspection, the building may turn out to be a props made at a film factory. You cannot live in this layout. Having made a generalization of the details, we can draw erroneous conclusions about the whole.
Shrinking and scattering galaxies have been discovered in world space. After compression, an explosion probably occurs and a new star appears, and the expansion process is underway. In another place, another appears, and we conclude that one star appeared earlier and the other later in time.
In fact, the processes of compression and expansion are ongoing. They are numerous and do not coincide in amplitude. Otherwise, the universe would be homogeneous.
Having set the milestones at the moments of the discovery of new stars, we succumb to the illusions of the time in which their appearance is spread and, summarizing, we say that the stars and galaxies themselves exist in time.
Trumpet
An oil pipeline several hundred kilometers long was built in Siberia. Oil began to be pumped into it. At the other end of the pipeline, oil will not be available soon. We say that time must pass before oil appears at the consumer. Here is an argument in favor of the existence of time. But let's not rush.
Time in our case is characterized by a delay between the moment the pump is turned on and the appearance of oil at the other end of the pipe. What caused this delay?
First, we answer the question of what caused the pumping of oil. The root cause was Reason, which created a pump for pumping, pipes and related equipment. When the pump began to work, oil, due to its viscosity, could not immediately appear on the other end of the pipe.
If gas were pumped into the same pipe, it would go the same distance faster. In a fiberglass cable, light would travel this distance almost instantly. Oil retention is caused by viscosity, friction in the pipe, turbulence, and the like, objective reasons.
Other things being equal, the transit time for different substances through our pipe is different, but we add that the time is measured, not absolute.
The process of pumping oil exists objectively, but if you mentally remove the pipe from this process, the motivation for expectation, and with it the time, will disappear.
Newton is about time
Isaac Newton in his "Mathematical Principles" of 1687 distinguishes between:
1. Absolute, true, mathematical time, otherwise called duration.
2. Relative, apparent or ordinary, time is a measure of duration used in everyday life: hour, day, month, year.
We emphasize: absolute mathematical time does not exist in nature. The mathematics created by the human mind is just a reflection of nature in scalar, numerical quantities. In comprehending Newton’s first definition, one must not fall into a logical trap: time is absolute and ... the second definition of Newton’s time escapes attention. In fact, the second definition absorbs the first.
In theoretical developments, we always fall into the “Newtonian trap” and talk about time as something really existing.
The motion of matter is characterized by speed. If it is necessary to compare the speed of movement of two bodies, it is necessary to determine the same segments of the path and introduce some general conditional value comparable with rhythmic natural processes.
Usually use the daily rotation of the Earth. One 1440th part is a minute. This is the conditional quantity (time) with which you can compare the speed of movement of our bodies under investigation.
For convenience, we divide the path by time and get speed. But dividing the path into time is just as absurd from the point of view of mathematics as dividing okroshka into bicycles, not portions.
The philosopher Emanuel Kant (1724-1804) argued that time as such does not exist at all, that it represents only one form of human perception of the world, the so-called relational.
Bees in the universe
Einstein's theory of relativity reveals the fact that the simultaneity of events is not absolute, but relative. This moment cannot cover the entire Universe. There cannot be one and the same instant for the whole world. There is no single "now" in the world that separates all past and future events. Each system has its own “now”, its past and future.
There must be a vast multitude of such systems in the world. But it is enough to take two systems to understand that between them there should be a boundary of the existence of time. The whole world space in this case will resemble a honeycomb, each with its own time and space. The illusion of the existence of time leads us to this conclusion.
Einstein's GRT states that space and time are curved as a result of gravity. It is difficult to challenge the great maestro, but we are obliged to point out inaccuracies.
Space, by definition, is infinite, and infinity, which has no boundaries, cannot be curved. The structure of space can, under the influence of gravity, become denser in some parts and, as a result, discharge in neighboring areas. Trajectories of moving bodies may be bent, but not space itself.
Time cannot be warped, because it simply does not exist in nature.
Who discovered time in nature and where did he register his discovery? What properties does time have? The definition of time as the duration, the duration of a process requires a tool to measure it.
If we begin to measure the time between any phases of the state of matter with the help of a rhythmically working mechanism, for example, hours, then the time will always differ with different measurements.
Because the next measurement will occur at a "different" time. The experiment will have its own time, we ourselves will also be in our own time, and those who are not involved in the experiment will also live in their own time.
One can only hope for some kind of Universal Time, which, based on the special theory of relativity, cannot be. There can be no single “now” due to the fact that no information can be transmitted at a speed greater than the speed of light. Each frame of reference will have its own time (conditional), Einstein said.
What does the textbook teach
In any school physics textbook, we find a diagram of a moving body. In the diagram, in the framework of Euclidean geometry, in view of the impossibility of depicting three-dimensional space on the plane, the applicate is discarded, and the time coordinate is displayed in its place.
If Time exists in nature, then the time coordinate cannot be depicted in this way, because on the diagram, time at the zero point of coordinates falls inside matter, or vice versa - matter is inside time.
But if we understand that Time is a conditional concept, then the conditional coordinate of time has the right to be!
With this example, we are once again convinced of how great the illusion of the existence of Time.
To summarize the preliminary results
At the household level, the existence of time is obvious and not in doubt. Based on the evidence, a logical conclusion is made, which is rooted in the mass consciousness: Time was, is and will be.
This conclusion, in which the psychological factor dominates, is not based on objective data, experiment, which is why it gives a distorted picture of understanding the essence of time, which looks reliable. Here lies the illusion of the existence of time.
In this regard, one cannot but recall our compatriot Russian philosopher Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov (1853-1900).
He defined time as the basic condition for any finite existence and said that time does not allow either an empirical (based on experience) explanation of origin or a rational (rational) definition of its essence.
And when they say that time is the order of phenomena in their sequence (read - in time), then the definition turns out to be an obvious tautology: time is determined by time.
All philosophical explanations of the time that do not represent idle words are metaphysical in nature and will be considered under the names of philosophers.
Phase theory, or how to prove the absence of nonexistent?
Our mind in the movement of matter usually distinguishes its individual states, and the person perceives the gap between them as time. Successive states of matter in the human mind merge into a single "river of time."
An analogue of this movement can be a film on which individual moments of body movement are captured. At a projection speed of 25 frames per second (it is more accurate to say in one 86400th part of the Earth’s revolution around its axis) in our brain, the movement of the body becomes cohesive, constant.
In separate frames, we see the image of a defunct past in its phases. It is impossible to fix the future, since it does not exist in nature.
Any movement can be considered as consisting of separate phases. Therefore, we can say that matter is in constant phase motion.
The most obvious examples are the phases of the moon, which appears before us every night in its new phase. The process of plant growth is composed of seed germination, stem growth, the appearance of leaves and so on. It clearly illustrates the phase development of biological objects. In the animal world, we also observe the phase development of an individual.
The concept of “phase” is so natural that it is not customary to talk about it. But in this case, it focuses on the fact that any movement that seems to be cohesive, in fact, consists of separate segments called phases.
Now it becomes clear that the gap between the phases of the state of objects must be considered as the distance between them, and not as time.
Matter constantly moves with a certain speed, and speed is the distance over an artificially created rhythmic period.
Of particular importance is the concept of the phase existence (motion) of matter in quantum theory.
The introduction of the concept of “phase” in the determination of the properties of matter removes the constantly emerging illusion of the existence of time. It becomes clear that time is not a natural phenomenon, but a phenomenon of the human mind.
Time phenomenon spontaneously arises in the mind of a person whenever he comprehends the duration of a phenomenon or event.
Matter exists in three-dimensional infinite space in constant relative phase motion.
And finally
A man comes into the world, into a society with established traditions and postulates. From childhood, a person absorbs the concepts that exist in society. It is psychologically difficult for him to question the seemingly obvious truths. But between the "apparent" and the truth - a huge distance.
The great illusion of time lies in everyday consciousness and extends to the greatest minds of science.
P.S.: I hear the voice of the reader: “So I read your article. But from start to finish reading time has passed! The beginning of reading and the end is more than one instant. There was a gap between them for a while. So the kettle has already boiled. He needed time for the water to boil. ”
What can answer this? It is very difficult for a person to abandon the consciousness that there is no time in nature. While you read the article, there was no time, it did not manifest itself in any way, and as soon as you asked the question about time, it appeared in your mind.
Your mother was sleeping behind the wall, and for her this was not your time. But as soon as she woke up and said - "How long I slept, it's time to get up" - the concept of time also appeared in her mind. Of his own.
Objectively, you and your mother lived in harmony with nature. But as soon as you began to evaluate the events, the concept of time appeared in your mind. Only at you and only in connection with the events of interest to you.
Well, deal with the teapot yourself or read the article from the beginning.
Literature:
A. G. Spirkin, Philosophy, 2001, pp. 253-254.
V. S. Soloviev, “Time”, Article.
I. Newton, “Mathematical Principles,” Instruction, 1687
A. Einstein, Theory of Relativity, 1905-1916
A.N. Vasilevsky, 1996. Theory of Illusion Art, p. 211.
Statements about time:
Alberti L:
Three things belong to man: soul, body and time (... e se pure alcuna si pateva chiamare nostra queste erana le sole tre - ... anima, corpo e tempo).
Antiphon:
Time is thought or measure, not essence.
Aristotle:
Among the unknown in the nature surrounding us, the most unknown is time, because no one knows what time is and how to manage it.
Zeno of China:
Time is the distance of movement.
Tsiolkovsky K .:
Time may exist, however, we do not know where to look for it.
Cicero:
And it doesn’t even fit in my thoughts, so that there would sometime be a time when there was no time.
Shakespeare W.:
Time goes on for different people differently.
V. Istarkhov:
In fact, there is no time, as a real entity existing in itself that is not connected with anything external. And what does exist? And it is precisely this external thing that exists - real processes exist. And time is just a means of measuring them. Time is a “centimeter” and nothing more. Without this external, time not only does not exist, it loses all meaning.
Just as there is no length as the primary entity. Length is a means of measuring something external, really existing. Just as there is no weight as a primary entity. Weight is a means of measuring something external, really existing.
There will not be this really existing - there will be no need for the concepts of “weight”, “length”, “area”, “volume”, “time”. All these dimensional categories do not exist on their own, they are secondary and tied to something external. Weight of what? The volume of what? What area? What time?
No time in itself flows anywhere, either absolutely, like Newton’s, or relative, like Einstein’s. The real processes of the manifested world flow (move). There will be no processes, there will be no need for the concept of “time”.
The street beggar, in fact, does not need to know the exact time. But it is necessary for the artisan, shopkeeper and warrior. In 1572, panic broke out in the French city of Rouen: the tower clock got spoiled and stopped beating, and Rouen’s entire business life stopped.
The smallest repeating time intervals, the duration of which is given to people by nature itself, are days and nights. The combination of day and night in one temporary unit - day - a phenomenon later. In Russia, the chronological concept of "day" is known only from the XIII century.
Denoting various moments during the day, people of antiquity were satisfied with the most general definitions (“morning”, “noon”, “evening”), without experiencing the need for more accurate time characteristics.
The next unit of time in increments of days is a week. The question of the reasons for introducing precisely the seven-day week is not entirely clear.
The classical antiquity of the seven-day week did not know. The ancient Greeks divided the month into three decades (10 days each).
Officially, the seven-day planetary week was legalized on the scale of the Roman state by Emperor Constantine the Great in 321. Since that time, it is used by all Christians in Europe.
How did the division of time into months and years, that is, calendar time calculus, arise? For the convenience of counting time, it was easiest for people to focus on repetitive natural phenomena. A universal opportunity for all mankind was represented in this regard by a consistent change of phases of the moon. Most of the world's population lives in conditions of periodic changes in natural seasons (seasons). The cycle of their successive repetitions is an objectively specified unit of time, called the "year".
The lunar-solar year was adopted in ancient Greece. Months were named after the names of the most important pagan festivals.
Unlike the Babylonians and Greeks, the ancient Egyptians did not base the calendar calculations on a month, but a year, which has a constant duration of 365 days. In this sense, the Egyptian calendar is a prototype of the modern European civil solar calendar.
The generally accepted names of the months came to us from the Roman calendar.
The correct solar calendar was introduced in Rome in 46 BC, at the direction of Julius Caesar. This Julian calendar, an outstanding achievement of human culture, was developed by Alexandrian astronomer Sozigen.
The Julian calendar became dominant in Europe. The peoples living outside the Roman Empire, for the most part, borrowed it simultaneously with the adoption of Christianity.
In the X century, Christianity came to Russia, where there was an ancient Slavic pagan calendar. This calendar was lunar-solar and consisted of 12 lunar months. The process of establishing a Christian calendar in Russia took several centuries, although it acquired official significance along with the adoption of a new era - at the end of the 10th century.
It is worthwhile to specifically focus on the moment of the beginning of the year in the European calendar tradition. The ancient peoples of Western Europe timed the end of one and the beginning of the next year to late autumn - the time when all agricultural work was completed and cattle were driven into stalls. Western Europe begins to celebrate the New Year on January 1 only in the late Middle Ages.
In Russia, the custom was established to start the year on March 1 according to the Julian calendar, and until the end of the XIV century this style dominated. The adoption of the September New Year was the result of the centralization of the Russian state and the ideological unification that accompanied it. In the XIV-XV centuries. More and more often in the sources there are dating according to the Byzantine, September style. From the beginning of the XVI century and up to the calendar reform of Peter the Great, the new year in Russia began on September 1.
So, our modern, current calendar appears as a synthesis of the achievements of several civilizations of antiquity.